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DEATH OF YUGOSLAVIA 3rd part
everything made by: LIVADA

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WARS FOR INDEPENDENCE
http:/livada.pondi.hr

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The Republic of Croatia declared
independence from Yugoslavia

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and invites the world to recognize her.

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But the smile of the Croatian waters covered it up
is their anxiety.

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They were afraid that they would be the biggest
Republic of SFRY, Serbia, run over.

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On the same day, the neighboring Republic
Slovenia declared independence.

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The Slovenians were bolder and immediately
expelled the Yugoslav customs officials

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from its borders
with Italy and Austria.

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Welcome to Slovenia!
- Thank you! - Passport, please!

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Can Yugoslavia allow
that its westernmost

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and the richest
the republic goes without a fight?

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Mr. President,
TO units are lined up

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in honor of Slovenia as
independent and independent states.

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The Slovenian president did it
considering the territorial defense aware

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that maybe he will soon
need to prevent the attempt

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Yugoslav Army
to re-establish his power.

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I returned home
after the ceremony.

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I was writing a speech
for tomorrow's congress.

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The phone rang. Reported
I heard that the tanks had moved.

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I told him that the tanks from
Vrhnike are heading towards Ljubljana.

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He told me:
What kind of tank?

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You have been notified by mistake.
You can sleep darkly.

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Tanks rolled through Slovenia.

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But the president thought
that it will still work.

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Namely two months before
he was surprised when he received the call

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with the only man in Yugoslavia
whom the army obeyed.

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The Serbian president stated
is a tempting offer.

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He will support Slovenian secession
if Slovenia supports him in return

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in the intention of allowing millions
Serbs living throughout Yugoslavia

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to secede from their republics
and united with mother Serbia.

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Milo�evic grabbed my hand.

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He said: We know
what will happen

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VI Slovenl �ellte otlcl.
Let's make an agreement, etc.

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Kucan was careful.

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Always with Milo�evic
you have to be careful.

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He showed him the little finger,
and he will grab the whole hand.

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Kucan did not dare to risk everything
relying on Milo�evic's words.

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At five o'clock in the morning, right after
when the tanks started,

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he called a meeting of the government
in the presidential office.

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They had to decide whether to fight
against the Yugoslav army.

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it seemed like we were
on the brink of war.

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I didn't know we did
Are you ready for it?

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We are all �calves and
looked at the ceiling.

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it seemed like forever, but
it lasted a few minutes.

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No minister
he did not want to declare.

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The house is simple
said: Good. Agreed.

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Republic of Slovenia undertaken
will take all necessary measures

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to defend our independence
from the Yugoslav Army.

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The army was just planning
return the border posts.

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She didn't expect resistance.

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They set only 2,000 for that task
inexperienced conscript soldiers

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which were divided into smaller ones
groups. That was a tactical error.

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Each is a military unit
now she was vulnerable.

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Slovenia mobilized
police and territorial defense,

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a total of 35,000 people,
who soon surrounded them.

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Yugoslav soldiers depended
are about our infrastructure.

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We cut off
barracks from warehouses.

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The Slovenians got in the way
all main roads.

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Thousands of Yugoslav soldiers in
barracks, they found themselves in a trap.

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Just yesterday they were there to protect the Slovenians.
Today they are their hostages.

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officers like colonels, Serbs who
served in Slovenia for forty years,

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they watched how they
life's work is failing.

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The army tried to break through
through the Slovenian barricades.

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They have surrounded their soldiers
began to supply from the air.

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The Slovenians challenged the army.

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I couldn't have been more clear.
I told the army:

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You send II hellkopter over
We will overthrow Ljubljana.

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The helicopter only transported bread
for Yugoslav soldiers.

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The pilot, who was lying dead in his chest,

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he was a Slovenian in the service
Yugoslav army.

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BBC DIARY
June 27, 1991

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The new European order is starting
first exam: JNA tries

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hide the democratically made one
Slovenian will for independence.

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Do you need the rest?
Europe stand aside?

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EC leaders gathered at
summit meeting in Luxembourg.

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They wanted to show how
I can solve problems

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in their immediate environment
without American help.

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All your strength
they focused on that crisis.

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The main goal is preservation
Yugoslav Federation,

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but the situation is now critical.

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EC launched a rescue mission:
three foreign ministers

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they should have convinced Slovenia
and Croatia to make concessions.

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They thought that the rebels would
republic to serve that call

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hoping
international recognition.

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We supported theirs
declaration of independence.

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But support means nothing without it
of our formal recognition.

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We will force them to
they wait three months

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in order to have
time for negotiations.

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Slovenia was a war zone, so they
met in young independent Croatia.

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It was strange. It was him
first international performance

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President Tudman
as Croatian president.

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He was expecting us for dinner,
but we didn't arrive until 3 o'clock.

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Tudman still wanted to
to be a perfect host.

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And so we sat down at three o'clock
festive state dinner.

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The dishes were served
one after the other.

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How can I describe it?

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It was polite,
solemnly, according to etiquette.

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But we were faced with a crisis.

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The atmosphere has changed
with the arrival of President Kucan.

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He was in the middle of the crisis.

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He was upset.
He couldn't eat.

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I haven't slept in days.
And that was evident.

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It wasn't the first time
I'm talking to them.

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Mr. J. Poos from Luxembourg
asked: What is it?

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I answered: We are at war.

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European ministers soon
had reason to celebrate.

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They stopped the war in Yugoslavia.

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The Slovenians agreed to
ceasefire and negotiations.

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I think we achieved it
main objective of this mission:

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relaxation of tension.

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But the army and Slovenians
they continued fighting.

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Yugoslav soldiers
they pulled out the thick end.

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The decision should have been made in Belgrade,
the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia.

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Minister of Defense of Yugoslavia
is the Presidency

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suggested starting
massive military attack.

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members of the Presidency were
are ready to authorize the attack.

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They only needed a hint of the most powerful
Republic of Serbia.

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But they were in for a surprise.

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The generals are reluctant
stopped fighting in Slovenia.

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Serbian ambitions were
are directed elsewhere.

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The Serbian president expressed his opinion
legitimate interest in Croatia.

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I'm in private that evening
met with Milo�evic.

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He said something that I still remember:

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Croatia cannot just leave
like that. There are over 600,000 Serbs.

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Tlh 600,000 Serbs and Njlhov
the earth has to prlpastl us.

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Otherwise, we just can't
so pustltl Croatia.

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Unlike Slovenia, Croatia
had a large Serbian minority.

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In Vukovar, near the border with Serbia,
a real war will begin in Yugoslavia.

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Serbian nationalists in Croatia already
seized power in a dozen villages.

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They wanted to tie them up and drive them out
Croats who stood in their way.

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After that, she would become purely Serbian
the mini-state could connect to the mother,

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That would be the first step towards
to the creation of a new Yugoslavia

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in which the Serbs would rule
representing Serbian interests.

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To achieve this goal,
Milosevic's extremist allies

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they were preparing the incitement
of the conflict between Serbs and Croats.

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The person who was in charge
to prevent such intrusions

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he was the police chief in the east
Croatia: Josip Reihl-Kir.

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He had a thousand armed men,

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the only military force it is
Croatia had it there.

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But Cyrus refused to go
through confrontation.

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he did everything to ensure that the Serbs and
Croats continue to live together.

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But the police chief had
rival: a local party leader.

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Nationalist wing
ruling parties in Croatia

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it was just as extreme
as nationalists in Serbia.

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Borovo Selo is a suburb of Vukovar,

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of the capital on
the Croatian Danube coast.

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He was the target
Serbian nationalists.

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Shooting in the center of the city
consisted of Croats and Serbs.

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But the suburbs were mostly Serbian.

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Extremists have erected barricades
to prevent the entry of Croats.

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This provocation is the work of relatives

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political associates
President Tudman.

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They soon found out about it
other members of his government.

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 �u�ak, who recently returned
from emigration in Canada,

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he was the leader of the extreme wing of the party.

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His midnight attack with a hand thrower
did not scare the Serbian victims in Vukovar.

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They turned to Belgrade for protection.

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Serbs captured in the Vukovar suburb
are two Croatian policemen.

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Croats hit back.

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Two buses with heavy weapons
they confidently entered the policemen

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in Serbian strongholds
- straight into an ambush.

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Twelve hundred people from Croatia were killed
policemen, and 22 were wounded.

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That evening, Croatia erupted in anger.

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A lot was burning
Yugoslav flags,

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which they experienced as a symbol of Serbia.

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How are Croatia and
Serbia was sliding towards war,

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they are so extremist
took over power.

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The war wing of the party close to the president
Tudman decided to stop

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peacemaking of his own
Chief of Police Reihl-Kir.

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They planned to get rid of him.

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The Minister of the Interior agreed
is to move the chief of police to Zagreb,

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but on the very day he was supposed to leave
another incident happened.

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Cyrus is the last time
went to calm down the situation.

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He was lured to his own
police checkpoints.

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Surprisingly, there was no commander,
and a member of the ruling party,

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A Croat named Gudelj
blocked his way.

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Two days later, a 30-kilometer race
a column of tanks started from Belgrade

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towards the Croatian border. On tanks
the Yugoslav flag was flying,

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but it increasingly became the army
Serbian President Milo�evic.

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They claimed to be neutral
and that he will only keep the peace,

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to Serbs in rural areas
Croatia needs protection.

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That's what they are
supported by the Serbian media.

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One of the officers I instructed to
to protect the Serbs was Colonel Mladic.

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He will command later
Bosnian Serb army.

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But the Croats could not be convinced that it was
The young man is as impartial as he claims

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when he entered the small village of Kijevo.

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The ultimatum was titled
to the Kyiv police.

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They are police officers, like everyone else
the inhabitants were Croats.

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Martic demanded that the police officers
leave their station.

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After they refused, Colonel Mladic
he commanded the action JA.

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Then the Yugoslav Army was the first
once openly fought for the Serbian cause.

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They conquered the Croats by force.

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After the army had done its thing,
local Serbs entered Kijevo.

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The Yugoslav flag was raised

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as the army conquered one
Croatian city after another.

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The Serbs had heavy weapons,
but they also had a problem.

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It is in every major Croatian city
was a barracks and the Croats surrounded them.

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But the Croats had a very small army,
so the president is Tudman

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carefully chose the place
where he will oppose them.

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There is a Yugoslav army in Vukovar
caught in a wave of desertion.

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Milo�evic had to strengthen his forces
groups of nationalist thugs.

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In paramilitary units
there were also criminal gangs

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and fanatical followers
Serbian things.

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Bokan's Serbian paramilitary units
they occupied Vocin in eastern Croatia.

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Fifteen hundred souls lived there.

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When the Croatian soldiers returned
that village, they found this.

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Bokan's men killed
48 Croatian civilians.

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They shot them in the face and eyes, hit them
with an axe, or burned them alive

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and left to serve as
a message to other Croats.

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The terror was designed to
expelled the entire population.

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Here is that procedure
called ethnic cleansing.

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Serbs were in charge
culprits, but not the only ones.

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These women and children are Croats...
This old man is a Serb.

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Both are from Vukovar,
but they go in opposite directions.

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The European Community has set the time
of three months to resolve the crisis.

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Two months have passed,
and the violence worsened.

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Then it was all Yugoslavian
republic invited to negotiations.

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Excellencies,
Yugoslav crisis

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which led to the convening
these conference results

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secessionist policies first
Slovenia, and then Croatia.

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Considering all that
what was said this morning,

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it is clear that we are standing
in the face of great difficulties.

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We decided to meet with
to those who lead the way,

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with President Milo�evic
and President Tudman

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to talk
about the future structure.

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President
I asked Milosevic:

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Yes Il, prlmjerle, spremnl
Croatia's independence

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as long as human beings are respected
rights of Serbs in Croatia?

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Can you prlhvatltl?
He answered me in the affirmative.

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I repeated the question several times
times. He answered in the affirmative.

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Carrington then tried
translate that verbal agreement

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in the plan for the whole of Yugoslavia.

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But was Milo�evic serious?

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Carrington's bosses, foreign ministers
EC affairs were not sure.

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The Serbs were buying time
to prepare a new attack.

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The Germans were rightly suspicious.

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Milosevic's generals did not
were impressed by the peace plans.

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They just started shelling the ancients
the city of Dubrovnik and its walls.

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When Milo�evic returned home, they offered
are a faster way for him to end the war.

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Such an open war campaign could
result in sanctions or something worse.

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Milo�evic convened his war cabinet:
The Serbs and their allies, the Montenegrins.

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Milo�evic was clear: the plan that
was compiled by Lord Carrington

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will enable
Serbia to get what it wants.

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Carrington's plan was
is the last suggestion

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which it tries to solve
all Yugoslav problems.

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He could have prevented future bloodshed,
not only in Croatia but also in Bosnia.

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Carrington sent his
written plan proposal

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Yugoslav presidents
and invited them back to The Hague.

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He set up
question of legality

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and is it possible just like that
tear Yugoslavia apart.

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He found fault with everything
What can be imagined at all.

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It was clear that
abandons the agreement.

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Milo�evic objected.

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Writing plan Carrington did
a seemingly small but important change.

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Milo�evic said that Croatia can
to be independent because he assumed

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that he will get what he wants
he cared a lot:

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to the point that other republics
stay in Yugoslavia.

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But the written Carrington plan
he stated that every republic

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it must first become sovereign and independent.
Milo�evic understood those words.

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They meant that they would automatically lose
power over other republics.

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It was really hard to understand
why did he object so much.

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His arguments are
were without any basis.

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Milo�evica is continuity
of Yugoslavia was necessary.

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He was ready to compromise
about Serbs in Croatia,

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but he made up his mind
keep other Serbs together.

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In his own Republic of Serbia, in
the common ally of Montenegro

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and in the big prize - Bosnia in which
One and a half million Serbs live.

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If he lets go of Bosnia, how will he achieve it?
your goal of a state for all Serbs?

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After Milosevic's refusal
I asked the other participants

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are they ready
accept the plan.

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Yugoslavia where all Serbs would live
she was disappearing before Milo�evic's eyes.

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One president after another
have accepted the plan

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and voted for independence.

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In a little while, Serbia will not have it
no one to enter into a federation with.

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But Milo�evic was safe. If
if only one more republic declares itself

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for remaining in Yugoslavia, ta
the state would continue to exist.

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He was sure that he could be trusted
to his ally from Montenegro.

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But he was wrong.

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Injured, Milo�evic
left the meeting

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and called to help those who
kept him in power.

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He sent a clear message
to Serbs throughout Yugoslavia.

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There are Serbian waters throughout
fly home forge a plan.

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But Montenegro was a Serbian satellite.

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Milo�evic invited the Montenegrin
the head of state to his Belgrade office.

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Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
in fact, he offered the Montenegrins

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high price for
to leave Serbia.

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It was an important plan
economic aid.

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40 billion lira is a lot
for tiny Montenegro.

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He was very interested in
economic relations with the EC.

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He saw a ticket in Italy
Montenegro to Europe.

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The Serbs offered Bulatovic a choice:
to face a public scandal

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and political failure
or to drink to Carrington

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how Montenegro changed its mind
and to vote against the plan.

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Carrington's plan was now dead

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so Milo�evic dedicated himself to ending it
of his war in Croatia.

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He secured most of the areas
which he wanted to conquer,

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but one is a city
stubbornly resisted.

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Serbian Supreme Command
it sent its chief general

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to take over the final
attack on Vukovar.

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Croats for two whole months
forced the Serbs

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to fight for each
foot of the approach to Vukovar.

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President Tudman is
judged that the city was lost.

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But Vukovar still had
a certain role.

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Croatia had only one
friends in Europe - Germany.

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In order to gain recognition, she should
is to win the sympathy of others.

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The people of Vukovar were dependent
about insufficient supply

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which was secretly delivered
through enemy lines.

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The supply dried up, so
the Croatian commander decided

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contact in person
to its president.

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Pje�ice went through the Serbian ranks
of the army that surrounded him.

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But after that the commander returned
weapons did not arrive at the battlefield.

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He appeared before the journalists and accused
his leadership to sacrifice Vukovar

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in order to gain sympathy
international community.

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The Serbs could do nothing now
prevent it from desolating Vukovar.

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But that agony gave Germany
a strong argument within the EC.

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The Germans forced the EC to
recognize the rebel republics

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saying that they will certainly
recognize Croatia and Slovenia.

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They were driving
many guesses

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about that it will
Germany to be isolated.

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The discussion was very sharp.

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But the result was better
than we could have hoped for.

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Vukovar eventually fell. They are Serbs
now controlled a third of Croatia.

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There were 15,000 dead on both sides.

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Half a million people exiled
is from their homes.

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This is Vukovar now
after his fall.

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In March 1992, forces
of the UN entered Croatia.

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Their effect was
keeping Serbian conquests.

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00:48:22,449 --> 00:48:24,758
Croatia has started
rebuild your army.

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00:48:24,929 --> 00:48:27,762
Serbian forces were preparing
for the following goal: Bosnia.

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